Te Kōwhiri i ngā Kaipōkai Tāku Kaihono Kaihoko Mō ngā Kaha Kaihoko

Whakakaha Matekutu: Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o ngā Waka Tūka Kemi

Kōwhiringa Rauemi mō te Whakatōtika Kaihāpaitia

Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā tāpapa tika mō ngā waka paraihe ka whakatupeke katoa te āhua ina tautohe ana ki te kōhatu me te whakapūmau i te haumaru i te wā e neke haere ana i ngā taonga whakamā. Ko te mirumiru mirumiru me te mirumiru hou e toa ana nā te kaha ki te whakatōnui i te parurenga, arānei ka tū kia tōnui ai i roto i ngā paraihe uaua ki roto i ngā tāpapa. Ko ngā tāngata o te ahumahi e whai tikanga ana i ngā tātai a ngā rōpū pēnei i te ASTM me te ISO ina whiriwhiri ana i ngā tāpapa nō te mea e whakaatu ana ngā ture pea he aha e mahi pai ana kia tōnui ai i ngā paraihe rereke kaua ko te wehe wehe haere te wā. Ko ngā kaihanga waka paraihe e mōhiotia ana hoki te whiriwhiri i ngā taupua taupua i hangaia kia motuhake ai mō ētahi kaupapa paraihe. I whakamātauria e te rangahau ka tūhono ēnei taupua ritenga ki te mahi pai ake i ētahi kaupapa whakamā tino whai mōhio kaua ko ngā whiringa tūmatanui, arānei ka whakamāmātia e te maha o ngā kamupene ina hoki ki a rātou ahakoa te utu whakauru ake. Ko te arataki i ēnei tikanga tāpapa me te whakauru atu ki ngā rongoā ritenga ka whakaroa i te wā e ora ai ēnei waka paraihe i te wā e iti ai ngā raru ki te ara.

Ngā Taupoki me ngā Rāranga hei Whakaiti i te Whakapokekenga Matū

Ko ngā taupoki me ngā tapa o roto o ngā taraka taraiwa he mea matua nui hei whawhai i ngā whara kimikimi i te wā. Ko ngā taupoki epoksi me ngā taupoki poliuretana e whakamahia ana ki ngā wā katoa o ngā taraka, e waiho ana i te aratā between te metā me ngā mea kua rerehua pea. Kātahi ka whai pāwhara ngā taupoki whakamarumaru ki te roa o te wā e kaha ai ngā taraka kia kaua e whakakapi, mai i te mutunga o ngā ririhau kimikimi kino ina pāpaku ngā koha ki ngā paparua metā. He nui te whakamātau i te whakamahinga. Me whakaritea te mata o te taraka i mua i te whakaputanga i te tapa, kāore rānei ka kore te taupoki e pakaru tika ana ka hinga tino māmā. Ko ngā tau o te ahumoni e whakakaha tēnei i te taraka me te taupoki kounga ka noho tonu te taraka i te ratonga tino roa ake i ngā taraka kāore he whakamarumaru. Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā taraka e hiahia ana kia iti ake ngā utu i te wā e whakauru ana i ngā tāone haumaru, he tika te whakauru ki ngā taupoki taraka tika he whai hua anō hoki me te whakahaere.

Te Arataki i ngā Ture Whakahaere mō te Wātea Kaimahi Haukotia

Kei te mārama i ngā Wheronga FMCSA me ngā Tīari 49 CFR

Ko te kawenga i ngā kōrākau whakamōhau he tino herea ki te tautohu i te Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) me te 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Ko ēnei tikanga e noho whakamātua ana kia noho haumaru te katoa i te wā e neke haere ana i te wā o ngā mahi kawenga, i te whakaputua hoki i tā mātou taiao mai i ngā whara kāore i te hiahiatia. Ki te tirohia ngā wāhanga 107 ki te 180 o te 49 CFR, e kitea ana i reira ngā aratohu taketake e pā ana ki te hanga me te whakahaere i ngā kātene huinga huri noa ki ā rātou whakahaerenga o ia rā ki ngā ara o te motu. Ko ngā taumata pakete, ngā tikanga uta, me ngā here e pā ana ki te mātauranga a ngā taraiwa katoa he wāhi wātea ki raro i tēnei whakahaerenga here. Ko ngā kamupene e whakakaha ana i ēnei tātai e whakatakotoria ana i a rātou i te raru nui. Ko tētahi pūrongo hou mai i te U.S. Department of Transportation e whakaatu ana ko te whai i ēnei kaupapa kaore i te noho pērā i te tāpiri i ngā pouaka mō ngā arotake anake. Hei whakamāmā i ngā uaua e āwhina ai i ngā huringa nui ki ngā hapori i ngā wāhi e neke ai ngā kōrākau whakamōhau.

Whakaaetanga Haumaruanga Kua Whakaaetia mō ngā Waka Tāpoi

Ko te whiwhi i ngā whakaaetanga haumaru tika he mea nui tonu hei whakapono i te haumaru o ngā waka tūturu waiariki i te wā e neke ana i ngā mahi e kawenga ana i ngā mōhiotia. Ko ngā whakaaetanga pērā i aua e te Tari o te Hikoi (DOT) me te Puna Whakaaetanga Tūturu a te United Nations (UN) hei whakapumau i te mea he tika ngā waka tūturu motuhake nei ki ngā tātai o te umanga mō te arataki me te whakapono. Ko te tikanga whakaaetanga anō ko te nuinga o ngā wā whakauru ā-hapai tākarotia me ngā tirohanga taipitopito hei whakapumau i te katoa e tika ana e ngā rautaki haumaru. Ina hekei ngā waka tūturu ki ēnei whakaaetanga, kua tūhonoa kē ratou ki te whakahaere i ngā mōrearea me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea e hāere ana i te neke o ngā kikorangi hauā i ngā ara whenua. Ngā waka tūturu kāore he whakaaetanga tika? Kaore he paku whakamārama, he tino mōrearea te āhua. Ko te Ngaio Hikoi Haumaru a Te Motu e whai māramatanga ana ki ēnei mea i ngā tau kua hipa, ā, ko ā rātou raraunga e whakaatu pāwhara ana i ngā waka tūturu whakaaetia e haere tātou i te iti ake o ngā take i te wā e kawe hauā ana i ngā kikorangi i ngā wā kāore he whakaaetanga.

Kaha me te Hoahoa: Te Kōwhiri i te Tika Tank Trailer Tōrō

Tētahi vs. Ngā Wāhanga Tōtika Tank Trucks

Ko te kōwhiri i waenganui i ngā waka tāpoi kotahi me ngā waka tāpoi maha-kōpiti e hāngai ana ki te mea nui ake mō ia whakahaerenga. Ko ngā tāpoi kotahi he mea noa, ka tīmata ai i te wāhi e wātea ana i ngā take whakauru. Ko te nui ake o ngā wā kati tere ake i konei nā te mea e puta ana te katoa i te wā kotahi. Kei te tāpiri atu anō hoki ngā tāpoi maha-kōpiti e wātea ai i ngā kamupene te neke i ngā wai maha i te wā kotahi, e iti ai ngā haerenga me te whai hua ake i te arataki. Engari kei te tāpiri anō hoki te whakakaha mō te nuinga me whakamahere kia tika ngā tikanga uta kia kaua e pērā ai ngā mea e mingminga ai. Ka tūhono ki ngā mea whakakaha, hei tauira, ētahi tāpiritanga ka tino koretake pea me kaua e tāpirihia ki ētahi atu kia kaua e raru ai te noho ki ngā wāhi wehe-wehe. Ko ngā whakamatautauranga o te ao tūmatanui e whakaatu ana i te nui pono o tēnei whakatau - kua raru nui ētahi kamupene arataki i ngā wā kua pāpaku te whai tikanga tāpoi i ngā wā o ngā whakahaerenga kawe.

Ngā Kauta Rawa Mo te Kawenga o ngā Kikorangi

Kei te mārama ki te tika o ngā kaha e hurihia ana kaore i te whai i ngā ture engari he nui ake te whai pānga ki te haumāmā o te hunga katoa. Ko ngā rahi e kōrero ana mātou e hāngai ana ki te mōhiotia pea ko te aha te mātā o te kikorangi. Ka taea e te tauwhitinga o te pāpaku te tauwhitinga iti ake i te kātata nō te nui o tana kaha. Ina panonitia e ngā kamupene ngā tāpete ki runga ake o rātou, ka hinga ngā mea kino tūpono pērā i ngā wāhi rere, ara anō hoki ki te whakakaha i ngā tāpete i te wā e neke ana i ngā mea. He nui te whai pānga o te tika o te whakahaere i te wā e uta ana, e tāwhai ana i ēnei kai tūkino. Kei te nuinga o ngā whenua ngā tikanga tōkupu e pā ana ki te rahinga e taea ana e ia kōhanga te kaha, arā anō nei kaua e whakakīia ki runga ake i ngā rahi tāpiri. Kua whakakitea e ngā raraunga a te umanga, ko te noho tika ki ēnei tohutohu rahi ka tiaki i ngā take ture i te wā kotahi me te whakapai ake i te haumāmā o te neke haerenga. Ko te noho tika ki ēnei rahi whakaaetia he nui te āwhina ki te prevetion i ngā uaua e āwheratia ai te tangata, e whara hoki i te rawa.

Ko ngā Tikanga Haumaru i te Neke Haere i ngā Mekuro

Ngā Pūnaha Whakawātea i te Wā o te Raru

Ko ngā pūnaha whakawātea i te pēhi he mea matua nui ina neke haere ana i ngā kikorangi e kanga ana i te mutunga, mai i te mutunga ka whakamātau i ngā tikanga pāpaku pērā i te pātatako, i te rere. Ina kawea ana ngā taputapu whakamōhi eke ki ngā waka tāpoi, kātā noa ka tūhono ngā pūnaha ki te pēhi nui kaua ko te mutunga. E ētahi ngā momo e wātea ana i te māketi i tēnei wā, mai i ngā tātete e pakaru ai te kaha ki ērā e whakahaerehia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere, katoa e ārai ana i ngā tikanga whakahaere e whakaaetia ana kei te ture pērā i te 49 CFR 178.337-3. Ka tūhono ngā ture ki te whakapono i ngā āhuatanga haumaru e mahi ana i te nuinga o te wā e ngā tohunga e whai tikanga ana. Ko te tiro atu ki te tau o ngā ngaru he mea nui anō hoki. Kua iti ake ngā take e pā ana ki ngā tankers matū mai i te wā i tīmata ai ngā pūnaha hei taputapu tāpiri. Hei te mutunga, he mea whakawātea te whakakī i ngā pūnaha whakawātea i te pēhi i te wā o te pāpaku, me te nui ake i te whakaaro māmā noa iho mēnā kei te hiahia ngā kamupene ki te tiaki i te tangata, i te rawa, me te noho tūturu ki roto i ngā rautaki ture.

Te Whakauru Tuarua hei Aukati i te Rere

Ko ngā pūnaha kāpua tuarua he tāngata whakakaha nui ina neke haere ana i ngā kikorangi e whakapai ai, e here ana i ngā rere kia kaua e rere ake ngā raru ki te taiao. Ina hinga ngā kōpaki tuatahi, āpiti ēnei atu ka tāwhai i ngā mea e rere ana, kia noho haumaru ai te taiao ki te kōpaki. Ko te nuinga o ngā tautuhinga e whakamahi ana i ngā tāpete pātua rānei, i ngā pātua hōu hōu rānei kei roto i ngā waka neke. Ko ngā tātai a te umanga pērā i te 49 CFR 177.841 te eke ai i te mōhio kei te hiahiatia ana ngā whakakapinga e ngā kamupene ki ō rātou whakahaerenga. Ko te tautohetohe tūmatanui e whakatairite ana hoki i te nuinga o ngā kamupene i ngā raru nui i wehe ai i te whakahaere tika. Kāore i te noho ture noa ngā pūnaha e whakauru ana i ēnei ka taea hoki e whakaiti ngā take e pā ana ki ngā kikorangi whakamā, e whakapai ai i te haumaru o ngā huarahi mō te katoa e uru mai ana ki te neke haere i ngā kikorangi.

Mā te whakatinana tika i ngā kaupapa haumaru e whai ana, ka whakapai ake i te whakahaere me te neke tūāpō o ngā kikorangi whakapai, ka whakakaha hoki i te ngākaunui me te arataki ki ngā tātai ahumoni.