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Hoahoa me te Hanga Waka Kaumātua Matū
Ngā Matū e Taea ai te Kōhatu: Mātāpuna Kaha me ētahi atu
Ko ngā tāpapa e āki ai te pārenga he wāhi matua nui ki te hanga i ngā waka tāpoi matū ki te hiahiatia kia roa te wā e mau ai me te haumaru i te wā e neke ana. Ko te miriro toa te mōhiotia rawa pea ko te nuinga nui ia o te kaha, e mau tonu ana i te wā roa, ā, e rite ana ki te nuinga o ngā matū e whakaputua mai ana ki a ia. Ko te nuinga o ngā wā he whakaae tonu te whakamahi i ērā anō hoki i ngā wāhi e kai ai ngā metara kē. Ko ngā mata o waho o ēnei tāpoi miriro toa he rerehua me te whakapapa hoki ka iti ake ai ngā raru ake hoki. Ko te horoi anō hoki he māmā ake, nō reira ka taea e ngā tāpoi te tutuki i ngā here here o te hauora e rereke ana i ngā umanga rerekē. Kei te wāhi atu anō hoki ngā kōwhiringa i waho i te miriro toa. He pai te whakamahi i te paraihe māmā ai i ētahi wāhi nā te iti ake o te taumaha ina whakaritea ki te iti ake o te whakamarumaru ki ētahi matū. Ko ngā taupua motuhake anō hoki te whakamahi mō ngā wāhi uaua rawa ki ērā anō wāhi e kore rawa e rite te tāpapa noa. Ina whakauru ngā kamupene ki ngā waka tāpoi i hangaia ki ēnei tāpapa, kāore anō rātou i te whakamarumaru i ā rātou kai, engari i te iti ake hoki i ngā raru whakahaere me ngā hinganga e hāunga ana.
Te wehenga kia taea ai te kawe i ngā huinga hāora maha
Ko ngā waka tāpoi kimi e whakaritea ana ki ngā wā katoa ka taea e koutou te kawe i ngā momo wai mōrearea te kaha, i te wā kotahi ka aukati i te whakauru o ngā kōrero rerekē. Ina hangaia e ngā kaihanga i ēnei pātītī ki ngā wāhanga maha ki roto, ka whakapai ake i te ara e neke ai ngā mātāpuna nō te mea ka taea e tētahi waka te kawe i ngā kimi rerekē i te wā kotahi i te wā e hiahiatia ana ngā haerenga maha. Whakamāmā hoki i te moni te punaha wāhanga nō te mea kāore ngā taraiwa e hiahiatia ana kia haere atu anō ki waenganui i ngā tāpapa uta. E ētahi pūrongo hokohoko e whakaatu ana ka taea e ngā kamupene te whakaiti i ngā utu koraeka kia 15% anake mā te huri ki ēnei pātītī tāpiripiri. Mō ngā pakihi e whai ana kia pai ake te mahi kaore e pakaru i te pūtea, ko te whai wāwā ki ngā pātītī wehewehe he tikanga pono ki te tirohanga okaupai hoki. Anō hoki, ka hōhonu te ngākau mā te mōhio kei te kore e aukati i ngā kōrero whakarupeke te whakauru ake i te wā e neke mai ana.
Te Whakatau I Ngā Waka Tāpanga: Matū vs. Waka Tāpoi Kora
He rerekē te rahi ake i waenganui i ngā waka tāpoi kimi me ngā waka tāpoi kora, ina tautohu ana i te hōu me ngā āhua haumaru e hiahiatia ana. Me mātua whakahaere ngā waka tāpoi kimi i ngā kaupapa katoa, nō reira kātahi ka tū mai ngā taputapu motuhake ki roto, me ngā wā katoa kia wehe kia kaua ngā kimi rerekē e mingi tahi. Ko ngā waka tāpoi kora anō ka neke atu i te nuinga ki te kora hinu me te dīsā, ā, ka whai i ngā ture tōtika kia whakapōkai ai i te kore e rere ana i te wā e neke ana. Me whai ture tōtika ngā waka katoa, me whakaaetia hoki ki ngā paerewa e hiahiatia ana e te kāwanatanga, tae atu ki ngā here e hiahiatia ana e ngā wāhi pērā i te DOT me te EPA. Kātahi ka tirohia ngā ripoata hōu ka whakaatu i te rerekētanga o te nuinga o ngā take e hāngai ana ki te tōaitanga, ā, ko te āhua noa iho o te whakawhitinga ka tūhono ki te whai tikanga o te whakawhitinga tika i te whakauru i te whakawhitinga anō hoki ki te whakapaku ai i te katoa o te hunga e neke ana i ngā kimi, i ngā kora rānei.
Ngā Āhuatanga Haumaru Matua ki te Neke Haere i ngā Kiriata Kiriata
Ngā Pūnaha Tāwhai Emergency me te Whakahaere Paetukutuku
Ko te haumaru i te wā e neke ai ngā wai raru kei te noho pā ki ngā pūnaha kati whakamutu me te whakahaere tōmua tōmua. Ina hinga ngā mea, ka whakamotu ngā pūnaha nei i ngā rere o ngā kaiwhakarewa kia tere ai te whakakaha i ngā rereke nui ka taea ai te whakakaha i ngā hapori ki ngā ara neke. Ko te whakahaere i te tōmua kāore i te noho anake ki te pupuri i ngā pātītī kia kaha engari ka whakakaha i ngā maimoatanga o te hanganga ka taea ai te whakaruawa i te anga waka me ana kai. Kua whakaatu te raraunga a te tāone he iti ake ngā tere o ngā hinganga i muri i te tiaki ake i ēnei pūnaha ki ngā waka. Kua kōrero ngā kaiwhakahaere ka āhua haumaru ake te noho mō te mōhio he tāpoi kei te noho mēnā ka hinga ngā tātaitanga, kawea rānei ngā kōpaki i te wā e neke ana.
Ngā Tikanga Whakatiwha i te Rere me ngā Rāpua Tuarua
Ina wātea ana i ngā kemi whai raru, he nui te whai pānga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere pārāwai kia tūhono ai i ngā raru taiao i mua i te āhua. Ko te take matua he māmā noa ake tēnei, ko ngā pūnaha nei ka whakakaha i ngā mea e rere ana, kia kaua e tūhono ki te oneone, ki ngā wai rānei. Ko te nuinga o ngā whare wānanga hoki e whakauru ana i ngā takotoranga whakahaere tuarua hei tiaki takotoranga. Whakaritea ki te kāpata tūmatanui mō ngā wāhi kēmi. Kei te kōrero mātou i ngā mea pēnei i ngā pārira tōtōtanga ki ngā tāpete, ki ngā pārira pāpaku ki ngā ara kōhanga rānei. Kāore ēnei ko ngā mea ka taea te whai anō, engari ko te nuinga o te wā he herea e te ture anō hoki. Ko te kite i ngā raraunga tūmatanui mai i te umanga e whakaatu ana i tētahi mea ko te wā i tīmata ai ngā kamupene ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakahaere tika, kātahi ka heke te maha o ngā raru rere tino i roto i te nuinga o ngā tāone.
Ngā Pūnaha Whakakaha Mō Te Rereketanga Hiko
Ko ngā pūnaha tāpapa pai ka tākarotia te rohe e whakakaha ai i te wehenga wehe i te wā e uta ana, e unu ana hoki i ngā kaha kaha ki ngā tāone o ngā tāone. Ina wehenga te wehenga, ka taea e ia te whakaputangia ngā aha ake e āwhina ana i ngā huringa nui tae atu ki ngā whakapāpaku, e hiahiatia ana kia tino whakahaere tika kia kaha ai te mahi ki ngā kaha e rāwekenga ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā tikanga o nāianei e whakamahi pū ngā kaiwhakawhitinga pāpaku, pērā i te kōpere, e hono ana ki ngā wāhi takotoranga whenua hei whakaputanga i ngā tāpoi huihuinga. He maha ngā kamupene e whai tikanga ana i ngā tikanga a OSHA me ngā tātai a AICHE ina whakatinanatia ēnei ngā pūnaha puta noa i ā rātou whakaurunga e whakahaere ai i ngā huinga. Kua kitea e tātou i te maha o ngā take kua aukatihia e ngā tikanga tāpapa tika i ngā tau kua hipa, ā, ko ngā wāhi tāpahana inu me ngā toa hanga huinga kei te iti noa te aha ake e āwhina i te nuinga o ngā take nui.
Te Hōkio i ngā Tikanga Neke Haumira o te Ao
He mea matua te mārama ki ngā tikanga neke haumira o te ao hei whakapono i te haumaru me te whai tikanga i te neke haumira o ngā tikanga hauhake. Kua whakatakotoria ngā tikanga nei e ngā rōpū kāwanatanga me te ao, kua whakarite i ngā aronga mō te whakahaere haumaru me te neke haumira o ngā waka tūtanki me ētahi atu waka neke e pa ana ki ngā mahi pēnei.
Te Whaimototanga ki te Ture Tereina mo ngā Whakauru Autō hui ki te US
Kua waihangaia e DOT ngā tikanga kia noho he whakaaetanga i te rererangi o ngā waka tuinga huinga hāora ki ngā ara o Amerika. Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga kei konei ko ngā Tikanga Mō Ngā Kaha Hara (HMR) te whakarāpopoto, i whakatakotoria hei whakamaru i te haumaru ina mahi ana me ngā mea e pāngia ai te ahi, pērā i ētahi huinga hāora e kōpū ana. Kāore i te tikanga pai anake te arataki i ngā tikanga katoa engari he whakati hoki i ngā tāpanga e rere ai me te whakakaha i ngā raru mō te taiao. Ko ngā kamupene e whakakahaore ana i ēnei here ka mutu ki te utu i ētahi nui rānei i ngā whakawā kua whakatakotoria, kātahi ka whakamutua haere pea tā rātou mahi. Tirohia tētahi take o ngā rā nei i tētahi kamupene i whakaputua ai kua neke tātou i te $100,000 noa iho te utu i ngā whakawā.
Ngā Tīwae IMO mō ngā Tukunga Tiriti
Ko ngā pakihi e whakauru ana ki te waka tōkaita i ngā kāpara whakarupeke ki waho o ngā moana me ngā ture o te International Maritime Organization (IMO) kia mōhio ai kia noho tonu ki te whakahaere. Kua whakaritea e te whakahaere ngā aratohu hei whakapūmau i te haumaru o ngā kapa me te whakamaru i ā mātou moana mai i te whakarupeke. Ko ēnei ko ngā here motuhake e pā ana ki te whakarite i te whakarōpūtanga i ngā wāhanga rerekē, te whakaputu pakaru, me te tohu māmā ki ngā kōpaka. Ko ngā kamupene e whakakaha ana i ēnei tāura he raru nui pea i muri mai. Tirohia tētahi take o muri nei i tētahi kamupene waka tōkaita i tōkoina e ngā here o te tāone atu i te whakatutuki i ngā here o te IMO. I hua mai tēnei i te whai moni anake engari i te whakarupeke hoki i ngā whanaungatanga ki ngā kiritaki kāore i te whakapono tonu i ā rātou tikanga waka tōkaita. Hei whakatutuki i ēnei tāura o te ao he mea kāore i te whiriwhiri, he mea hau te nuinga mō tētahi pakihi e hiahia ana kia noho tonu i ngā ara hokohoko ake atu i te whai raru ture.
Ngā Tautohetohe a te Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Kua whakatakotoria e te EPA ngā ture whakahaere kia tino kaua ngā kemi kaiwhara e nekehia ana kia kaua e rere, kia kaua hoki ngā raru rite ki te whakapuru i te taiao. He aha tēnei e whai tikanga ana? Nō reira, ko ngā kauwaka e kawe ana i ēnei kemi me ngā kōpaka tika kia kaua e rere ai, anō hoki me pōwhiru ngā kamupene i ngā mōhio e pā ana ki ngā kaimōhiotia. Ko ngā kamupene e neke i ngā kemi kaiwhara hiahiatia ana kia whai mōhio ki te whai pānga ki te taiao trū kia tino tika ai i ngā ture, kia kaua hoki i ngā raru rere kemi. I tētahi rangahau i tērā wā, i mōhiotia ai ko te iti noa ngā tākarotanga i muri i te tīmata o ngā ture nei i mua mai rānei. Nō reira, kaua ko te whai whakaaro kia kaua e raru ki ngā raru moni, engari he whakakaha hoki ki te noho horuhoru ake i te rere o te waka, ā he whakawātea anō hoki i te wāhi e hiahiatia ana kia mau ai te taonga.
Te Hingainga Whakahaere ki te Whakahaere Waka Kemi
Ngā Whakangungu Kaiwhakahaere Me Ngā Kaupapa Tohu Mō Te Whakangungu Kaiwhakahaere
Ko te whakangungu me te whakamana ake i ngā kaitiaki e whai ana i ngā whakangungu motuhake mō ngā mahi tanka tāpoi he wehe kaha ki te tiaki i ngā kawenga whakap dangerous i te wā o te neke. Whakarato ēnei whakangungu i ngā tohunga ki te whakahaere i ngā kōraru pāwhara tika, e iti ai ngā take e pā ana ki ngā rāwekenga o ngā kōraru whakap danger. E ai ki ngā ripoata a te umanga, ko ngā kamupene e wātea ana ki te whakangungu kounga he iti ake i te 40% ngā uaua i ngā kamupene e kore e whakaputu i te whakangungu mō ō rātou kaimahi. Ko ngā wā whakangungu he wā tāpiri hoki ki te mahi tūhono ki ngā taputapu tiaki, ngā tikanga tika hei whakaputu i ngā kawenga, me te mahi me pēhea te tūhono ki ngā take ka pakaru mai i te tōwai. He maha ngā kaihoroi tohunga e kii ana ko te tūhono ki ngā whakangungu he wehe kaha ki te whakautu tika i ngā take kāore i te mōhio i te wā e neke ai ngā tāpoi tāpoi i ngā rohe motu.
Whakapai Tikanga mō ngā Tāone me ngā Rohe Māmā
He nui te whai hiranga ki te tika i ngā ara i te wā e whakatīwha ana i ngā kemi ki ngā tāone, ki ngā wāhi e pāpaku ana ki te taiao. Kua tiimata ngā kamupene ki te whakamahi i ngā pūkapi mārama me ngā taputapu GPS hei whakarite i ngā ara e āki ai i te rere o ngā waka, e whakakaha ana i ngā tāone iti, me te whai i ngā tikanga tūmatanui mō ngā kemi whakapāheke. Kua kitea e ngā kamupene whakawhitinga i te motu ngā whakapai ake i muri i te whakatinanatanga i ngā tikanga ara pai ake. I ētahi, kua iti ake te wā e noho ana i te huarahi mai i te 30%, ā, i ētahi atu, kua iti ake ngā hinga i te wā e whakatīwha ana. Mō ngā kamupene e mahi ana ki ngā kemi whakapāheke, he mea nui kia kitea te ara tino pai, kāore anō pea i te tikanga pakihi tika, engari i te ture hoki. Ko te iti ake i te pānga ki te taiao anake e whai utu ana i ēnei pūnaha, ā, e pakaru hoki i te utu mō ngā kemi me te whakamāmā i te whara o ngā waka i te wā roa.
Ngā Tikanga Horoi Matua I waenganui I ngā Utu
Me whakakaha hoki te tikanga whakamātua kia kore ai ngā kemi e pēneke ana ina wātea ngā kauwe i ngā kaupapa rereke. Ko te tikanga pai ko te here tūkino ki te horoi i ngā kauwe i muri i te kauwe kia kore ai ngā toenga e pēneke ana ki te kaupapa e whai muri ana. Ko te āki i ngā tikanga horoi tika kāore i te tikanga pai anake engari he here tonu hoki nā ngā tari whakahaere o te ahumoni. Ko ngā tikanga horoi pai e whakapai ake ai i te haumaru o ngā mahi. Kei te noho mōrearea ngā kaiwhakahaere kauwe ina hurihia ngā kemi e kore e ū whakawhitinga kauwe kāore he horoi tika i waenganui i ngā haerenga. Kei te tuku i ngā tohutohu whaimana i ngā huarahi tūmatanui mō tēnei tikanga, e āwhina ana i ngā kamupene iti me ngā kamupene rahi kia pakaru hoki i ō rātou kauwe i te whakatutū i ngā here haumaru e hiahiatia ana e ngā tari waka.
Ngā Auahinga E Āwhai Nei i te Aronga o ngā Kaituhi Kīmika
Ngā Kaituhi Tohu mō te Whai Mōhio Hui Arataki
Ko ngā kaituhi mātāpuna kei te whakarereke i te hākari mō ngā kaipuke kimi, e āwhina ana i ngā kapa ki te whai mōhio e pā ana ki ngā taumaha me ngā tikanga o ngā wai e hāngai ana. Ina mahi tika ngā kaituhi, he iti ake ngā hinga, nā te mea ka tūhono ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā inenga tika, arā, he iti ake ngā rere me ngā whakapāwhara e mōhiotia ana ka whakapoke i te kawe waka, i ngā taputapu rānei. Anō hoki, āwhina ana ēnei taputapu ki te whakaroa i ngā wā o te whakakei me te unu, nā te mea e mōhio ana te katoa ki te tatau o ngā kaike. Ka tīmata a Schneider Electric ki te whakauru i ēnei kaituhi ki ō rātou kaipuke i te tau ki muri ka kitea e rātou ētahi hua pai. Ko te wā kāore i te mahi i heke tata ki te 15% me te whai anō hoki i ngā ripoata haumaru tāwhai. Ko te mea kei te whakapai ake i ēnei pūnaha ko te āhua e āwhina ana i te hunga kaiwhakahaere kaipuke kia mau tonu ki te whakahaere i ngā uaronga o ia rā, i te wā e tiaki ana i ngā kaimahi me te whakahaere i ngā mahi kia māmā noa.
Ngā Tikanga Haumāmātanga Ake o ngā Waka Tāpoi O Nga Wā Katoa
Kei te mātua whakarewa te ao o ngā waka tūhua kaipānui hauiti i ngā rerekētanga nui mai i te hangarau haumaru ake i te whakapai ake i te haumaru i te wā e neke ana i ngā mōuna hauiti. Kei te kōrero mātou ki ētahi mea pēnei i ngā pākiri ake i te wā e āki ai i ngā hinganga, ngā whakamōhiotia e ngā waka ka tīmata te wehe mai i ngā ara, me ngā punaha e āwhina ana i te whakakaha i ngā urutākenga katoa. Kei te mahi tahi ēnei āhuatanga kia iti ake ngā hapa e ngā taraiwa me te whakapono kia tika ngā ture haumaru. Kei te tīmata hoki ngā kamupene kei te ao hauiti hoki ki te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau. Tangohia a Daimler Trucks hei tauira i whakaputahia ēnei pūnaha i roto i ā rātou whakahaerenga. I āwhina ake i ā rātou ake? I heke te maha o ngā hinganga i te wā e whakahaere i ā rātou katoa waka i te māmā ake. Kaore i te noho haumaru anake i te ara, engari ko ngā whakapai ake kaore ngā waka e pakaru whakamua ake me te whakahaere pai ake i te katoa, te waihanga i ngā wāhi mahi i reira e āhua haumaru ana ngā kaimahi e mahi ana i ā rātou mahi i ia rā.
Ngā Tāpae Kaitiaki mō te Neke Tūmatanui
Ko ngā kaipānui matū kei te tīmata ki te whakauru i ngā tāpapa whai rawa ki ā rātou hoahoa i ngā rā o tēnei wā, i te rapu a ngā kaihangapai waka i ngā ara hei whai huarahi korepara ake te waka. Kāore anō te nekehanga e pai ana mō te ao hoki. Ko ngā waka i hangaia ki ēnei tāpapa hou ake e roa ana te whitiwhiti i waenganui i ngā tāone whakatika me te iti ake te hiahia ki te whakahaere. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakauru e whakaae ana ka neke ake te rohirohi o te transition korepara i ngā tau e heke mai ana. Ētahi whiriwhiringa e whakaatu ana ko te rite ki te tekau tau ka kitea e mātou he rerekētanga matua i ngā tāpapa e whakamahia ana i te ao hokohoko. Mō ngā kamupene e whakahaere ana i tēnei wāhi, te whakamahi i ēnei kōwhiringa korepara e āwhina ana i a rātou kia mātau ki ngā tikanga here e pakari haere ana i te mea anō ko te utu i ngā utu roa. Anō hoki, ko te mea e manawa reka ana ko te mōhio kei te iti ake te rāwekenga o ā rātou whakahaere ki ngā moana me ngā tāone takutai.