Te Hangarau Aerodynamic o ngā Waka Tangata Whakatāki Aluminium mō te Whakangahau Rīpeka

Ngā Take Ahuritanga mō ngā Waka Pūnui Whakamarumaru

Te Mārama i te Huriwhenua Ki Roto i ngā Rauemi Waka Pūnui

Te hā o te hau he mea nui i te hanga motokā. Kei te whai take tonu ki te mahi mea, ā, ki te whakamahere ā-tauhoko i ngā tītī pūkohu. Ko te whakaaro kei runga i te āhua o te hau e whatiwhati ana i runga i te motokā, e whakaheke ana i tana kawenga me te whakamahere ā-tauhoko. I te tino taunaki, ka whakarerekē te paihere o te hau e pa ana i ngā āhua o te tītī pūkohu, me te mea he aha te āhuatanga o te hau - koia nei he pai ranei he kino. "Ki te hanga tītī pūkohu iwi me ngā tahitahinga tino māku, ka riro mai te hau e tataki ana, e huna ana i te whiu e taea ai e te motokā, arā, kaore he tino whiu e hoki nei ki te paihere o te tauhokohoko. He tauira pai rawa te paihere o te hau i ngā tītī waina paihere hau, e kitea ana i te paihere o te tauhokohoko, me ngā tahitahinga poroiti e whakaae ana ki te motokā kia haere noa i roto i te hau, me ngā tārewa tauhokohoko e kitea ana i tēnei wā."

Te take o te ālamine i te whakaiti i ngā tauanga whawhaitanga

Hei whakamārama i ngā tauarahi matua C D mō te whakaū i ngā hiunga waka me te kaiwhakauru nahe, e hangaia ana i te whakaaro mō ngā waka tāutaki nui i te aluminium (tanks). Ko te taumata hiko e whakamātau i te whiuwhiu o tētahi whenua ki te haere i roto i te wai, ā, mō ngā pūtomo, e angitia ana ngā taumata iti i te pai ake i te kaiwhakauru e pa ana ki te uru hau. Ko te aluminium e āhei ana ki tēnei he mea tino huatau, no reira ko te aluminium ka taea e ia te whakaiti i ēnei taumata inā he mea hakahaka, ā, ka taea e ia te whakatika i runga i te rite hokinga. Kaore anō te taumata hiko o tētahi kīwī hei whakanui rawa i te aluminium i runga i te toko rānei, i te materia o mua e whakamahia ai ki te hanga i tētahi pūtomo—kua whakaaturia he whakaiti i te 15% hei hanga i ngā pūtomo i runga i ngā materia hou. Koa, ko tēnei rongonui nui e whakaatu i te nui o te mahi a ngā materia pērā i te aluminium ki te whakapai i te kaiwhakauru.

Te Whakangāhetetanga o ngā Hau Kauwhata i te Waipapa o te Tūru Kaiwai

Ko ngā hau mōrere e whai ana i tūmomo nui ki te whakarite o ngā tauwheke rīwhi, me te whakaatu i te tū tonu o ngā kaihoki. Ka tae ngā hau nei ki te tahataha o ngā nui rawa, ka āhei tēnā ki te piki iho, ki te mutu he paihere rahi. Me hiahia ki te hanga i ngā momo hangarau rīwhi hei whakatika i ēnei pānga. E ai ki ngā whakaaetanga, e āhei ana ngā whakapūmau tahataha me ngā wharekura kua whakatupu hei whakawherowhero i te wāhi o te hau hei whakaiti i te kaweake o te tūru. I kitea hoki e ngā mahere hauora, ko te mea nui kei te whakaiti i te uiui o ngā mate kua puta mai i ngā hau mōrere, me te 25% i whakaiti i ngā take pāpori. Ko tēnei ka whakamahia hei whakangungu i te haumanu o ngā tītī rīwhi.

He Kīwī Takuaroa mō ngā Tīruki Wai

Te hanganga hūa o ngā waka rīwai e whakaaetia ana te āhua o te mua o te motokā i runga i te kohinga huinga hau e tū tonu ana, ko tēnā he hunga whakatau matua i te whakapai i te oranga rīwai. I roto i te tuhinga o Mazda (rānei ko ngā kaihangarahi motokā), ka whiwhi ake te whakatōpū ki te paihere, ka taea te whakamahere i ngā pūtake harakeke me ngā āhua poroiti hei whakawehewe i te hau. He iti noa iho ngā tāngata e mahi ana i ngā waka rīwai e mahi nei i ēnei taumaha, ka whakahoki hoki rātou i te pai o te hūa. Hei tauira, ko te whakamahere i ngā tohu hūa iti nui ka puta mai ngā whakamutunga whakamana i te korenga rīwai. Kāore tēnei raraunga i te whakapai i te hau i tua o te waka rīwai anake, engari ka whakapai hoki i te utu whakaeke, he mea nui rawa i roto i ngā mahi kaiwhakaeke.

Whakapai Pūtake o te Taha mo ngā Wae Kōpū

Ngā pūtango tahataha o te kawe hīkoi he nui ngā whakawhitinga ā-mahi mō te hākona i raro i te kawe, ā, ki ngā tahataha o te kawe hoki. Nā ngā rautaki i tae atu ki ngā matatara me ngā rauanga o ēnei pūtango ka puta he pai ake i te waihanga here i te motokā e 9%. Koinei, ko ngā rauanga wehi, pēnei i ngā komihana wehewehe, ka whakamahia ngā whenua nei, nō reira te mana me te itinga iti. Nā ngā rautaki o te ao rēaaliti i whakaatu i ngā taonga here pai e taea ana i muri i te whakatika, pēnei i te waehere i te paihere i te motokā i muri i te whakauru i ngā pūtango tahataha matatau ake ki ō rātau kawe. Ko tēnei hei tino iti i te whakahē me te whakahaumaru aroha tonu.

Pūtango Whakamutu Ngāhere me te Whakahaere Vortex

Ngā whakamahi mō te taha maunga nui ake i ngā huringa rara me te tūhura o ngā waka tangata. Nā ēnei whakamahi e whakatika ana i ngā pūnaha kōrero e hanga nei i muri i te ihu, he take nui o te wharitanga ahi. Ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki whakatika pūnaha matua, ka whiwhi ai ngā hanga ki te hiahia ki te whakapai i te kairangi o te motokā. He rara hei whakaaroaro i tēnei, e whakaatu ana i te mea ka puta mai ngā taumaha paihere i runga i te itinga o te huringa. Nā ngā paerewa aha o te whakatō i ēnei whakamahi aero, ki ngā waka rereira, ina noho anō pea ki te whakahou hoki, ko te whakapai i te paihere paihere, ā, ko te whakapakari i te ora o te motokā - he whakatū haere pai moe tonu mo ngā kaiarahi.

Te Rautaki Matūheihei Mō Te Hokinga Ā-Ao O Ngā Tangata Whakatō Ika

Whakataurite Pūngao ki te Mataku: Aluminium vs Tāeke

Te angitūtanga ki te whēa o te āporo i runga i te āporo mea e hāngai ana nā tērā i ahu atu ia hei mīhini whakapūmau i te nuinga o ngā horopaki kōhae. He tokorua o ngā waka pū whenua matua, pēnei i te whakatauki nei i te whakangungu hoki, ka whakauruhia ngā āporo me te whakawhanake i te āporo i runga i te tikanga o nāianei hei tirotiro i te mana moeiti iti e hika ai te mana moeiti i runga i te tūponotanga tuhituhi. Nā tēnei, ka heke iho te kaiwhakaohooho pū me te paihikara nā te itinga o te pū e hiahiatia ana ki te whakahokia i te waka, nā tana itinga iti. He raraunga e Wang et al. (2021), ka kitea e ngā tono whakatere mai i te 40% i te itinga, e hīnati ana he 5 - 10% o ngā taumaha pū e taea ai i te whakamahi i te āporo i roto i te waka. Ko te maha o ngā tangata e hiahia ana ki te utu utu mo te hanga herehere: E rerekētia ana tenei angitūtanga, ētahi atu i te pakihi me te hononga, kei reira i te pounamu.

Nga Painga o te Whakahoki Kino mo te Tumanako o te Waka Puku

Ko te whakarongo ki te kohu hoki, he mea nui tēnei i roto i te whakaatu atu i te take i te mea ka noho ake i te mahi ngā haukai roroi. Ko te whero, e rerekē ana i te toki, kaore e kitea te koronihiwhiwhia i te wā e whai ana, ā, ka whakatipu i te ora o tētahi whakaruruhau mō te whakapakari i tana kino i te ao. Ko tenei whenua he pai tonu mo nga haukai roroi, no reira, ko te whakamahere i te whakarongo ki te kohu hei whakamahere mō te whakahaere i te kino. Hei tauira, ko ētahi matatika e whakaatu ana ko ngā wae whero ka taea te whakaiti i ngā moni whakahaere i runga i te wā o te motokā, ka noho 30% iti rawa i te whakahaere i ngā wae toki; no reira, he oranga pai tonu i te whakahaere i te roroi.

Te Whakawhanake o te Alumihihana mō ngā Koronga Waka Tirohanga

Ko te whanonga matua o te whakarite i ngā paihiti motokā ki runga i te mōhiotanga inihau o te whakatakoto i te whakamahere i ngā paihiti motokā tūhonohono e huringa ana i te hākui. JobSite+ Whakaaturia atu ngā mea ka whai ake i te JobSite Mō Tātou Hokiwhakamutunga Tuhi Kaihoko Whakahoki Tauira Whakapāpā Pukapuka Tangata  © 2018.JobSite Paihiti Motokā Mō Tātou Hokiwhakamutunga Tuhi Kaihoko Whakahoki Tauira Whakapāpā Pukapuka Tangata  © 2018. Ko tēnei whanonga kia rerekē ki ngā āhua katoa ka whakatupu i ngā pūnaha hanga hei whakarite i ngā taumata ā-pūtake, pērā i te whakaiti i te huinga kaiwaho me te pai ake i te moni pūmau mo ngā motokā paihiti. Hei tauira, ko ngā paihiti i hangaia i waenganui i ngā kīwī me ngā āhuatanga whakarite nei hei whakaiti i te whiuwhiu hokinga. I whakamātauhaetia tētahi whakamātau pūkaha i reira i kitea ai ko te whakamahi i ngā paihiti whero i te whakatakotoranga o te whero ka puta mai iho he 12% i te moni pūmau mō tētahi kaihoko matua i te rorohiko. Ko tēnei whanongaroa kia hanga ki ngā tuhituhinga koreko e whakaatu ana i te mea ka whakamahi te whero hei hanga i ngā paihiti motokā e āhei ana ki te whakarite i ngā hiahia ā-tōmuri, ā, ka tukua hoki he wāhi pai ake me te wāhi whakarawea tonu i te raraunga haere.

Ngā Whakaaturanga Whakaiti Hikoaro Mō te Haerenga Nui

Ngā Pānui Raro Mō te Whakahaere Wāhi Whiuwhiu i ngā Tūmuwhenua Kararehe

Te whakahaere i te huringa o te hau ki runga i ngā oru me te iti i te mawe me te tiaki i te pūnui he tino take. Ki te whakarite i ngā paepae i raro i ngā oru, ka nui ake te whakatika o te hau, e kore nei e kitea te tuhinga hau me te paihere. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rara hei whakapakari i ngā paepae e taea ana te whakarite i te ara hau pai rawa i raro i te oru, me te hua pai o te tiaki i te pūnui. Ko ngā rautaki e tohu ana he 5% ngā waihanganga pūnui e taea nei i te whakamahi i te kete paepae raro pai, e mahi ana ēnei rangahau ki te hokinga moni paku i te wā mo ētahi atu rōpū.

Te Hanga Pūnaha me te Whakapai i te Whakahē Kuhukuhu

Ko te whakatau pire he mea nui e pa ana ki te tari o te kuhitanga nei, e hiahiatia ana ki te itinga o te waihanga kaupapa mo nga tangata. Nga whiwhinga i te hunga pire, penei i nga pire me nga huinga kumi iti i te kuhitu me nga raarangi waewae, ka whakaiti i te huringa o te huringa me te horahanga o nga pire. Ka tukua e ratou etahi whanaketanga katoa ki te tanker, ahakoa ko te whakaiti nui i te waipiro. He rangahau tonu kei te whakaatu he pai ake i te 3-5% i te whakamahana waipiro ki te hanga i nga pire pai, no reira ka orohia te whakaaetanga i nga pire pai ki te whai i te pai me te whakaiti.

Nga Ihuwhenua o te Ua i te Naera Tuku Pūwai

Ka taea hoki ngā whakarerekē o te werohanga ki te āhuatanga pūmau o ngā tīrahi tomoiti. Ka taea e te tomoiti e 'whakamānuka' ana, me te tīmata ki te whakapauahi,' i te hōhā, inā kia kī Redling, ka whakaaro nui ai tēnei i te whirinaki o te pūngao, ka horoia ai te pūmau. Ki runga nei, ka puta mai ngā werohanga nui ki te maha rawa o te pūngao e whakawateatia ana, me te whakamahana i ngā rākau whakanui. Hei whakangungu i ēnei momo whakahoro, kua hanga i ngā hunga mōhiotanga active, pērā i ngā rākau whakahaere waiporoporo i te mahi ki te tiakina i ngā werohanga o te motokā, me te iti i te kaiwhakamahana rawa. Kua tae atu ngā paunga ā-tuatika ki te tino pai ake o te whakahaere i ngā werohanga, ka taea te whakapai i te whanaketanga o te motokā tomoiti i runga i te 10 paiwhiri i ngā wā e tino hikoai ana, ko tēnei he matihiko mō te mea e hēoi ana te whakahaere i ngā werohanga ki te whakaiti i te kaiwhakamahana rawa.

Ngā Whanonga o Mua i ngā Rautaki Aerodynamics mō ngā Pukapuka Tangata

Ngā Raihana Aero Matua mō ngā Pukapuka Wāhi Pūmau

Nā te whakahaere aero matua kei te whai i te hiranga nui i roto i te whenua whakamahere mo ngā waka pūhore e taea ana ngā mōhio. Nā ēnei rangahau te whakapae i te wehi o ngā tuhituhi me te kawe iho i ngā tohu whakamana, ki te hanga i ngā kaupapa motuhake. Ka whakaritea e ngā rorohiko ā-wāhanga nei ngā take whakahaere aero motuhake mō ngā turu. Hei tauira, ko Mercedes me Scania, kei te kaiwhakatutuki i ēnei whakamahinga, ka tuhia he whakatakoto ā-taiao e whakaatu ana i ngā paihere pūhore me ngā paihere huringa hoki. Ki te kitea i mua atu, e tū tonu ana ngā whakahaere aero matua hei whakarite, hei whakangungu wehi, me te whakangungu pūngao mo te nuinga o ngā ratonga whakawhitinga.

Ngā Whakahaere Hīnaki HEV me te Whakauru Aero

Te whakauru i ngā uma hīkoi elekitera hahuinga hei tūranga whakamahere whakaaweake i ngā taunga he mea hou e whakaaturia ana i ngā whiuwhiua motokā me te pūmau. Ā, e rua ngā pai o ēnei uma hīkoi: nui ake te pūmau nui ki te wai rorohiko me te whakaaweake matatika tuatahi noa iho ki te whakamahi i te umu waihanga e waihokihokia ana. Kia whakauruhia ai, ka whakarite i ngā hanganga whakaaweake kia māhorahora, kia pai rawa te whakawhiti hau ki runga i te papa. ‘He tupu atu te whakaaetanga i te haerenga whai i te paetae, ko te mea e tae ana ki tā tātou mahi i a Volvo me Freightliner e aromatawai nei,’ ka kōrero a Timmons, e whai ana he mea nui anō te hunga hoko i te hunga hoko, kāo kāo, he mea whai oranga moni hoki mō ngā kaiwhakahaere.

Ngā Pūngao Hanga Mōhiohio Whakamahi

Ko te whakamahere i te CFD, i whakarerekētia ngā huarahi mō te hanga i ngā tūru tomo – mai i te āhua o ngā kāwai ki te āhua o te mea e whakamahia ana ki te kītonu i ngā wai rite i a mātou. Ki te whakamahi i te CFD, ka taea te whakaatu i te hurihanga o te hau ki tētahi tino waipū, ko te take he kite me te mahi i runga i te mea e ai ai te āhua pai o ngā tomo, i mua anō i te hanga. I te tekau tau whakamutunga, ko ngā whakamahere i te CFD i whakatupuria ngā paihere nui i roto i te itinga, no reira ko te paihere matua o te whanaketanga o ngā tomo. Nō reira, ko ēnei tūtohi ko te mea nui i te hanga tomo, e awhina ana ki te whakarerekē i te whārangi, e tahuri ana ki te hīputango i ngā tuhinga whaimana, me te whakapae i te hunga rangahau i te āeoneami o ngā tomo, ko ia hei whakatika i ngā taumaha pūtaiao me ngā paenga hau.