Te Whakawhitinga i ngā Waka Tāneka 304 me 316: Ko tēhea e tika ana mōu?

Te Huihuinga Matū me ngā Rerekētanga Matua I waenganui i te 304 me te 316 Tōka Tōpuni

Ngā huinga tāone matua: te Chromium, te nikirī, me te molybdenum ki te 304 vs. 316

Ko te wehenga matua i waenganui i te 304 me te 316 kōhatu toto kau ana i ō rātou huinga matū. E ono mā te kromi (16.5–19.5%) ngā miramira kia kaua ai te whakapai ake me te nike (8–13%) kia māmā ai te whakapapa, engari ko te 316 e whai ana i te 2–3% molipdena e whakapai ai i te mahi ki ngā taiao kaiwhara.

Koiora	304 Kōhatu Toto (% )	316 Kōhatu Toto (% )
Kromi	18.0 – 19.5	16.5 – 18.5
Niho	8.0 – 10.5	10.0 – 13.0
Molipdena	–	2.0 – 2.5

Ko te kaihōinga molybdenum ki te 316 e whakapai ake i te tautohe ki te pitting me te cracking, e whakadā hoki i ana mō ngā whakamahinga uaua pērā i ngā taruku taraka e haere ana i ngā takiwā para kauta.

Me pēhea te whakapai ake a molybdenum i te tautohe ki te para ki te mātāpuna para 316

Whakaputua te molybdenum ki te mātāpuna para 316 kia whakapakari ake i te takotoranga oksīti whakamaru, e āwhina ai i te tautohe ki te para pitting me te whara kaha ake i ngā putanga tūturu. Kua whakaaturia e ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā momo paraihe hōu molybdenum te whakaiti i ngā raru para katoa ki te 40% ina noho ki ngā huinga wai tāpaka, ā, kāore i te taea e te mātāpuna para tūturu te tāwhai. Mō ngā taruku e kawenga ana i ngā kikorangi whara ki ngā takiwā taihema, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga e kite ana i te 15 ki te 20 marama atu o te ora whakamātau kia mōhio ai kia kaua e raru te hanganga nō te para.

Te Tautohe ki te Para ki ngā Tikanga Ao Tūmatanui: Ngā Tāke o Taruku 316

Kaha Ake te Kaha o te Parurenga Kiriata 316 ki te Moana me te Tāone Moana

Kei te pai rawa te mahi a te parurenga kiriata 316 ina eke ki te wai tāmāriki nā te mea kei te whai nui pea i te 2 ki te 3 ōrau molybdenum i roto i tana huinga. Ina titiro ki te parurenga kiriata 304 tūmatanui e whai anake i te chromium me te nickel, kua whakaatu ngā whakamātau i te tau ki muri i te whakapae i te 316 he tino whakaiti i ērā kōpūpū whakapāhunu e hua ana i ngā chloride pea kia kaua atu i te kaupeka e toru hui tata ki te tāone moana e ai ki ngā rangahau i tukuna ki te Material Degradation Journal. Ko te mea e wātea ai tēnei ko te kiriata oxiwhiti e hangaia ai te ake o te pāpaku e āki ai te ake. Kei te tūpono tēnei takotoranga ki te whakatō ake i te kaha o te takotoranga pāpaku pērā i te tōaitanga o te tāmāriki mai i ngā ngaru, ngā nekenga tai tata, me tā te kaiwhakamahi i ērā huinga tāmāriki mō te whakamāmā i te hukapapa i te wā o te takurua. Ko reira i te nuinga o ngā kaihanga waka tāku e whakaae i te parurenga kiriata 316 mō ā rātou waka e haere ana tata ki te tāone moana me ngā whanga kei reira te nuinga o te kaha ki te whakapāhunu.

Mahi ake a ngā Kaamera Tāku 316 ki te Whakarereke Hihiani me ngā Taiao Hau Tāngata

Ki te neke hihiani, e whakarato ana te mātāpuna inoti 316 91% te whakakaha ake ki te āhua hūhu me te mātāpuna paraihe e pāpaku ake i te 50,000 ppm i te 304. Kei te kitea e ngā kaamera 304 he whakapāpaku mata i roto i te 6–12 marama ki ngā taiao kaihanga, kei te noho tonu te 316 e 5–7 tau i mua i te huinga e hiahiatia ana. Ko te whakapāpaku tāngata he mea matua mō te hiki i:

• Ngā kaiwhakamāmā wharepaku
• Ngā hua tāwai torehuruhuru
• Ngā wai rere hau teitei

Tuhinga Arataki: Roa Ora a te Kaamera Tāku Inoti 316 ki te Tāone Tiriti

I tētahi rangahau 10-tau ki te Tāone Tiriti o te Golf Coast i kitea kua hiahiatia e ngā kaamera inoti 316 te 47% iti ake ngā whakatika whakatika nā te whārite 304 tau. Ahakoa te noho tōaitanga ki te wai tāpapa, i whakawātea ngā waka tōtō 316 i te mahi pai ake:

Matua	mahi 316	mahi 304
Ora whakamutunga	18 tau	12 tau
Whakarepaira e pā ana ki te kōhatu	0.2/tau	1.7/tau
Rahi totohu pakaru	94% i whakapokia	78% i whakapokia

Whakapumanoaia ana ngā hua ka tūtohu i te utu tīmatanga ake o te 316 e tika ana ki ngā taiao kaiwhakarewa, kei reira e pā ana te whirinakitanga ki te haumaru me te whai i ngā tikanga.

304 Kaipuke Inox Steel: Ko te Kōwhiringa E Taea Neke Atu Te Nui O Te Whakamahinga

Ngā Whakamahinga Tino Tōmua Mō Ngā Kaipuke 304: Kaiwhakawhitinga Kaiwhakapai Kai me te Nui Hauheke Iti

kei te tino pai a 304 te tōtika inox mō ngā taiao horoi, he iti noa ngā kaiwhakarewa. Me te 18% kromi me te 8% nīkiri, e whakarato ana i te whirinakitanga kaiwhakarewa e tika ana mō te neke ake i te kai me te rairopi. Kei te nuinga o ngā taputapu whakapai kai e whakamahi ana i te 304 nā te whai whakaaetanga a FDA me te māmā o te horoi. Ko ngā whakamahinga noa ko:

• Te neke ake i te kau me te inu
• Te tōtika hinu huawhenua
• Te tuku huinga kaiwhakarewa kore ki ngā wāhi rohe

Kāore pea tana mahi ki ngā wāhi kaiwhakarewa kaiwhakarewa, engari mō ngā kaiwhakahaere e hiahia ana ki te whakapai ake i te utu ki ngā taiao kaiwhakarewa, ko te 304 tonu te kōwhiringa e tika ana me te nui ake te nui.

Ngā Painga Ohaoha o te Miramira Hohonu 304 i ngā Whakahaerenga Kāore i te Moana me ngā Rohe Roto

Kei te iti ake te utu tuatahi mā te 20–30% te whiriwhiri i te 304 i runga i te 316 i te wa e whakauru ana i te painga tino pakari ki ngā rohe iti noa te kaihore. Ngā painga mō ngā kaiwhakahaere rohe rōto ko:

• Iti ake te whakahaere mā te iti noa te mōhio ki te pitting
• Te whakaputa tere ake me te whakapai ake i te tōkiri
• Ko te kaha mekameka pakari (kaha tira 515 MPa) mō ngā kawenga tata

Mō ngā huarahi kāore i te moana me ngā whare e whakahaere ai i ngā kīmika kua whakaritea, kei te tuku a 304 i te tōwā heke me te whakapono, kāore hoki i te hiahia ki ngā momo paraihe hōu molybdenum.

Kaha Mekameka, Pakaru Roa, me te Whaitua Pakaru: 304 vs 316 Miramira Hohonu

Kaha Tira, Whakapā Whakapā, me te Mahi Whakapae ki ngā Kāpua Kaha

ko te miramira hohonu 316 te kaha mekameka ake, ā, ko te molybdenum te kaha tira e 15–20% ake te nui ake i te 304. Ko te tikanga, he pai ake te 316 mō te neke tino kaha me te rerekētanga o te āhuarangi. Ko ngā rerekētanga matua ko:

Āhuatanga	inox 304	miramira Hohonu 316
Te Kaha Tapawhā (MPa)	515–720	515–795
Kaha Whakawhitinga (MPa)	205–310	240–315
Whakaroa i te Pakaru (%)	40–60	35–50

Ahakoa te nui ake o te whakaroa o te 304 mō te whakakaha whakakaha, ko te kaha ake o te 316 (70–90 HRB vs. 60–80 HRB) e whakarato pai ake ana i te whakauru ururangi me te whakamau i te raru o te takotoranga i roto i ngā wā katoa.

Ngā Tōaitanga o te Whakamahinga Roa: Whakahaere me te Wear i roto i ngā Tinana Tanker 304 ki te 316

Ko ngā tātaritanga i ngā waka tūtohi i te wā e whakaatu ana ko te mātāpuna miriroto 316 kei te pupuri i te 94 ki te 97 ōrau o tana tino tōkeke tuatahi, ā, kaua ko te 10 tau e whakapāhunu ana. Ko te nui ake o te 304 miriroto noa iho e pupuri ana i te 88 ki te 91 ōrau noho tāwhai hoki. Ko te mea e wehe ai i te 316 ko tana arataki i ngā wāhi pakaru. Nā te nui ake o tana mahi e piki ake ana te kaha, ko ngā pakaru e haere ana i te tere iti iho - he iti noa te tere o te 30 ki te 40 ōrau. Kei te hiahiatia e te 304 te tātari tere ake ki ngā wāhi e pāhunu ai te mātāpuna (kei te 18 ki te 22 ōrau ake ngā tātari e hiahiatia ana), heoi anō hoki he tini ngā kamupene e whiriwhiri ana i a ia nā te rerekētanga o te utu e tino rahi ana. Mō ērā e whakahaere ana ki waho i ngā tāone tai, i ngā toa hanga huinga rānei kei reira kāore he tai, he whakapai tonu te 304 hei whiriwhiri mēnā hiahiatia ana kia tātaritia kia tino tika.

Me pēhea te Whiriwhiri i waenganui i ngā Kaipātī 304 me 316 mā runga i ōu Hiahia Whakahaere

Te Whakatōtika i te Rauemi ki te Taiao: Nōna te Wā e Hoko ai i tētahi Kaipātī 316

Ko ngā kaipātī hōtaka e hangaia ana i te mātāpuna miriro 316 e tū mai ana ina hāngai ana ki ngā mea whakakaha. Kei roto i te 2 ki te 3% molybdenum te rauemi, e whakarite ana i te kaitiaki atu ki ngā whara kaitakotoranga. E pai ana ēnei mō te mahi i te tāone tai, i ngā toihau karawhiti, i ngā wāhi e whakamahia ai te hāpene i te takurua. I raro i te rangahau mai i Ponemon i te tau 2023, i kitea e ngā kapa e mahi tata ki ngā tāone tai he iti ake te hiahia ki te whakakapi, he 23% ake te iti ake ina hurihia mai i ngā tauira 304 ki ēnei tauira 316. Mō ngā kamupene e whakahaere ana i ngā mea whakakaha, te whana whakapāpaku ki te wai moana, ki ngā wāhi e noho ana te hāpene i te huarahi, he nui ngā utu e whakapaua ana i te tuatahi mō te 316 engari ka hua tika tēnei i te roa o te wā, nā te mea ka roa ake te ora me te iti ake te pakaru.

Tātari Painga Kaihoko: Te Nga Tāpoi Kaihoko o te 304 ki te 316 Tankers Hiriwa

Ahakoa he 20–30% te nui ake o te utu 316 i te tīmatanga, ko tana whiti kia iti ake ngā utu o te ao ki ngā taiao pīroiroi. Ko te whārangi whakataurite 10 tau e whakaatu ana:

Ko te Āwhera Utu	304 Hiriwa	316 Kainene
Te whakahaere i ia tau	$8,400	$5,200
Ngā rā wā kaimahi	14	7
Te wā tuanui o te whakauru anō	I ia 4 tau	I ia 8 tau

Ko ēnei tāpu huike i te rāwekenga tuatahi ina mahi ana i ngā tikanga whakapoke. Mēnā he tūrangi, he kai rānei te kawenga me te whakapā ki te kōpae iti, kātahi ko te 304 te whiringa eke haere pai ake.

Ngā Whakaaro-a-Rohe: Āhuarangi, Tikanga Ara, me te Whai i ngā Tikanga here

Mō ērā e whakahaere ana i ngā taraka ki ngā wāhi makariri, kei hea te kainu hiko hiko e whakamahia nui ana i ngā marama o te takurua, ko te miramira miramira 316 te tino whai wā atu i te whai wā, i tōna tino pai ake te here against te kaihua i te nuinga o te hiko. I te tata, ki te kei te neke atu pea te tāngata i te taro, i te kai rānei e kore e kai i ngā taputapu, ko te tūmau 304 e whakamahia ana i te wā e pai ana. Whakahuatia te FLorida hei tauira - me whakamahi i ngā taraka tanki e kawe ana i ngā kikorangi whai raru me te 316 ina whakahaerehia ana tata ki te moana. Kei te rerekētia ngā tikanga tōtika i ngā wāhi rerekē. Kei te 22 ngā takiwā kua rerekē i ō rātou ture kua tāpirihia mō te āhua o te miramira miramira e whakaaetia ana mō ētahi tātaritanga kikorangi rerekē e ārau ana ki ēnei tārā hōu a ASTM. He tino pai ki te tautohu mehemea te tāpiri e pā ana ki ia takiwā i mua i te hoko i ngā huihuinga.

FAQ

He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i te miramira 304 me te 316?

Ko te rerekētanga matua kei te taumahatanga kimikimi; ko te mōlipehnuma te kaiwhakauru ki te miramira māmā 316, e whakapai ake ana i tana kaha ki te eke atu ki te 304.

He aha i pīrangi ai i te miramira māmā 316 mō ngā waka tāku tāone takutai?

ko te miramira māmā 316 te pīrangi nā tana kaha ki te eke atu ki te kaitirotiro kaitiaki, e hāngai ana ki ngā keehu e noho ana i te wai tāpapa.

Kei hea ngā keehu e tōtika ana mō ngā waka miramira māmā 304?

ko te miramira māmā 304 te tōtika rawa atu ki ngā keehu kai-whaitua me ngā keehu e iti ana te eke atu pērā i ngā ara tāone heke i te iti noa te noho ki te kaitirotiro.

Me pēhea e pa ana te miramira māmā 316 ki ngā utu whakahaere?

Ahakoa te utu tuatahi he nui ake, he iti ake ngā utu whakahaere me te wā whakakaha te miramira māmā 316 nā tana kaha ki ngā keehu whara.

Me whai tikanga te whakaaetanga arataki ki taku whiriwhiri i waenganui i te miramira māmā 304 me te 316?

Āe, ko ngā tikanga takiwā e herea ana i te kounga miramira motuhake mō ngā tikanga neke atu motuhake, ina heke ki ngā tāone takutai, ki ngā takiwā hauropi rānei.