Ngā Tikanga Whakakī Kora Hou e Whakamahia ana e ngā Waka Whakakī Hōiho Rere

Te Whanake ake o ngā Waka Tāpiri Hau me ngā Wheronga Onepu

Nō te Ringa ki te Mīhini: Te Hurihanga i ngā Tikanga Tāpiri Kai

Kāore i te waenganui o ngā pakanga o te 20 haupeka kia māmā ai te āhua iti me te kore rawa te āhua o te tāpoka manu tāwhai inaianei. Ko ngā kapa whenua e noho ana i te wā tata ki te 45 ki te 90 meneti ia manu, e taraiwa ana i ngā pōtaka taumaha, e whawhai ana ki ngā pūmau ā-ringa. Kātahi ka rerekē ngā mea i ngā tau 1970 ina heke mai ana ngā taraka tāpoka motuhake. Kātahi ka wātea ngā taraka ki ngā tāpoka nui e 500 ki te 1,000 hōtaka te kaha, tāpirihia atu ana ngā pūmau pāpaku e āki ai te kora i ngā tere o 300 ki te 500 hōtaka ia meneti. Ko te rerekētanga he whakamāroa - kātahi ka heke te wā tāpoka i te 70%, ā, inaianei ka taea e ngā manu maha te ratonga i te wā kotahi. Ko tēnei tere he mea matua nui kia taea ai te whakauru i ngā kapa ki te tere ina heke mai ana ngā huihuinga pakanga.

Te Kōwae Arming me te Tāpoka (FARPs) i ngā Tukanga Hōu

Kua whakarerekea e ngā FARPs te aronga ki te tukatuka i ngā rārangi mua kia tata ake ngā waka reka ki te wāhi e pakanga ana. Kaua ko te whakamahi anake i ngā tāone hau tāwhai, kei te noho ēnei ngā wāhi ki uta ki te 50 ki te 150 mīni i roto i te whenua hau eke. E ai ki te rangahau i whakaputangia e te Tari Tukatuka Ngota Rua i te 2022, i te whakamahi i ngā FARPs ka iti ake te wā hurihanga o ngā whirikōkō ki te tōrutoru kua tāpirihia te kaupeka katoa. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere hui tahi te kawe i te kora, me te pāpaku i te wā kotahi kaua ko te tāpiri anake i muri i te tāpiri. Whakahuatia te M978 HEMTT waka kora. Ka taea e tēnei kaitiaki te whakaturanga i te whakauru FARP katoa i roto i te 20 meneti anake. Ki te kaha te arataki, ka tautoko iwa ki te tekau mā whā ngā whirikōkō ia haora, ka whakaputangia mai i te 2,500 tōnenga JP-8 kora. Ko te tikanga, ka tāngia ia kaipuke ki te nui ake o te kaha ki te toru ki te rima atu anō i ngā kaupapa e hiahiatia ana i mua i te hokinga mai hei whakakī.

Ko te whakauru ki te Kaupapa HERO (Ngā Whirikōkō Whakahaere Reka Tere)

Ko te kaupapa Helicopter Expedited Refueling Operations (HERO) i whakauru i ngā tikanga matua e toru:

• Whakakaha anō hau : Kei te mātua whakahaere ngā iniana i te wā e whakakaha ana, e whakakore ana i ngā meneti 8–12 o ngā mōwehe whakaiti/whakangā
• Ngā paku tuarua : Ngā kōpae tata ki te 2.5-inati e whakarua ai ngā tere o te rere ki te 600 GPM
• Ngā kaiwhakahaere pēhi aki kaha : Ngā kaiwhakaatu mātua whakamutua ake i te 98% kaha o te wāhi inu hei whakaiti i ngā take tāpiripiri

I whakaatu ngā whakamātau ā-pāmu i te iti ake o te wā katoa i te whenua e 40% i ngā waka inu hau HERO-tōtika, e āwhina ana i ngā ope AH-64 Apache kia whakamahia e whā ngā tāpoi i ia rā i ngā tau 2023 o ngā whakamātau NATO i te tau e toru.

Ngā Tikanga Matua kei ngā Waka Inu Hau Hōu

Ko ngā waka inu hau hōu e whakakotahi ana i te hanganga whai whakaaro me te āhua whai whakamātau. Kei raro i ēnei ngā tōpenu e toru matua e whakarewa anō nei i tēnei tauira taputapu.

Ngā Whakapai ake i ngā Pōpō Koraeka me ngā Pūnaha Rere Rereke

Ka taea e ngā pōpō koraeka toa hau teitei o nāianei te whakaputu i te nuinga i te 1000 maina ia meneti, ā he tāwhai tika te rereke o te 1% tata. Ko ngā hoahoa arataki kua whakarewahia he āwhina tino pai mō ngā mahi marae mai i te wā e āki ai ngā kaihangarau ki te huri i waenganui JP-8 me ngā koraeka Jet A ki te tūāpapa anake, kaua ko te whakaturuturu anō i ngā mea katoa ā-ringa. Ko ngā kōhanga pōpō kua hangaia mai i ngā paraihe kirihou me te hinu he iti ake te pānga ki ngā kaiwhakakaha whakakaha e kitea ana i ngā koraeka hauwai pērā i te FSII, arā ko te Kaitihi Icing o te Pūnaha Koraeka. Ko ngā whakamātau marae e whakaatu ana ko ngā kōhanga paraihe e noho tika ana i te 30% te roa ake i mua i te hiahia ki te whakakapi ina tāwhaihia ana ki ngā tikanga kino pērā i ngā rorohau, te moana rānei kei hea te whakakaha he raru nui.

Whakakī Koraeka Aunoa me ngā Whaitua Rite ki te Wā Tonu

Ka taea e ngā papanga matihiko e whakamātau ngā kaiwhakamahi i te kounga kora by tracking viscosity, te āpiti, me ngā taumata pāpaku e iti ake i te 15 microns. Nō te taurua o ngā pūnaha hōu ka tūtohu i te 90% ngā tikanga whakamutu ake ake ina kitea ngā rere, te pēhi pāpaku i raro i te 40 PSI. He iti ake ngā hapa kaiwhakamahi i te 2.1% ki te 0.4% tēnei whakauru i ngā tikanga ā-ringa (Defense Logistics Agency 2023).

Ngā Pātene Matua: M978 HEMTT me ētahi atu waka kaiwhakakaha o te ope taua

Kua tūhono inaianei te waka M978 HEMTT hei waka tuarangi mō te whakauru i ngā manu whakawhitinga o te tauā o Amerika. E taraiwa ngā waka e 2,500 hōke wai (gallons) me te taea e ratou te mahi tūturu i ngā tawhitinga o te 330 maile i mua i te hiahiatia e ratou te whakakī. Ko ngā tauira rerekē e tuku ana i ngā wāhanga rerekē tae atu ki ngā rōpere hau, ngā pūnaha whakapapa tika, me ngā kōpae tāpiri e noho ana i runga i ngā tauira NATO. Ki te tirohia ngā tauira hou ake e mōhiotia ana hei LVSR, kei a ratou tētahi pūnaha roboti kia taea ai te tuku i ngā tātā. Ko te mea whakapāhunu ko te tika o te tātā ki te wāhi e hui ana ki ngā manu anō hoki i te wā e pīroiroi ana te āhuatanga ki te marae pakanga. Kei roto tonu te tātā i te 5mm ahakoa te nekeneke me te ririhau e pā ana i te wā o te pakanga.

Whakapai ake i te Mahi tūturu Mā te Aronga Mahere me te Kuhu Kōrero

Whakawhitinga Tere ake Mā te Rere Tika me te Whakahaere Peera

Ko ngā waka toa tāpoi anō hui nei ka tūhono ki ngā pūnaha rere tāwhai pāpaku e whakaroa ai i te wā tāpoi engari kāore i te whakaiti i ngā tātai haumaru. Kei te mahi te hangarau ki te whakarerekē i ngā taumata toa ki te āhua o ngā take pērā i te āhuā o te wā māmā me te kaha o te toa i te wā kua tohua. Ka whakaiti tēnei ara i ngā wā toa, i ētahi wā ka iti ake i te 40% ina whakaritea ki ngā tikanga tātai ake o mua. Ko ngā tātā ā-hui e āki ai te toa kia kaua e rere atu te waihanga ina tāpoi ana tere, arā, ko te tira tiaki e taea ai te whakarewa anō i te UH-60 Black Hawk ki te hau tūpoto noa i te iwa mineti. Mō ngā wheronga tauā kei te tākarotia te hērēngia o ia hēkona, ko te iti noa o te iti tēnei e whakarite ai i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te angitu me ngā whakaroa.

Whakaritenga Toa Whakakaha me ngā Tikanga Whakahaere mō ngā Kapa Heli

Ko te tika i te rohe o te huihuinga wera, me te whiriwhiri i ngā ara tuku kaua ko te mea ka tū ake ai. Ko ngā pūmanawa hihiani e tirohia ai ngā tau whakamahinga o mua me ngā herehere o ngā kaupapa kia mōhio ki te whakaputu i ngā wera waka. Ka tīmata te tauira RIMPAC i te tau 2023 hei tauira. Kua iti ake te wā e tāroa ana mō ngā waka wera i te toru hau te rahinga. Me pēhea? Trāwhitia te wā e hiahiatia ai te wera e ngā rererangi me te maha o ngā wā i rere ai ngā rererangi. Ko te tikanga, kua noho i te tāone ngā wāhi mō te irirangi, i te wā kotahi ka noho pāngia ai ngā kaimahi arataki kia kaua e whakahaere katoa ngā mea katoa.

Whakaritenga Ohaurunga Raraunga ki ngā Wāhi Whakamahia Nui, ki ērā anō hoki kei te Tāone

Ina kuhu tātou i ngā kaiwhakauru IoT ki te whai pānga ki te whakauru whirinakitanga, ka hōhonu ake te mōhio a ngā kaiwhakahaere ka tūhono ki te hui i ngā wā pāpaku tūmata. E ai ki tētahi mea mai i ngā kaiwhakahaere tāpoi o te Ope Taua i te tau 2024, he pono nui ngā pātene mātāpuna hei whakarerekē i ngā mea i te wā kotahi i ngā whakangāhau ki te tokatoka ki te tonga o te Artic. Ko te mātā o reka ki reka ana ki te kaha o te tū tonu o te kora. Ko te tikanga pai ko te hono atu i ērā waka kaihui ki ngā raraunga e heke mai ana i ngā UAV e rere ana ki runga. Kua ripoatia e ngā kaiwhakahaere para katoa te tū tonu ki ā rātou whakaritenga i te wā pēnei, e 95% rānei pea? Ahakoa ina ngaro katoa ngā whakapā GPS, ka taea pea tēnei i ērā wā ki ērā wāhi tūārangi.

Ngā Auaha Haumaru ki ngā Whakangāhau Waka Kaihui Heli

Te Whakaiti i ngā Raru: Ahi, Ngā Whakapāwhara, me te Hapa Tāngata i te Wā Kōwhiri Kora

Ko ngā kaiputaiao hōhi anō hōu e hāngai ana ki te ipurangi o ngā mea, ā, ko ngā pūnaha ake hoki e kitea ai ngā rere o te kora kua timata kē pea i te wā e whai whakamahinga ana. Kātahi ka iti ake ngā hapa a te tangata i ēnei whakapai ake i te hinengaro nā te mea ka whiwhi ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā whakatūpato tūmatanui ina heke haere te āhua o ngā rāranga kora. I tētahi rangahau i te tau ki muri i kitea kua iti ake i te 62% te nui o ngā rere i aukati ai ēnei pūnaha i te nuinga o te wā i mua i te kāinga. Ina tīmata ngā take pēhi, ka tūtohu ngā tātari whakamutu ake tātini. Mēnā ka tīmata te āhua e heke haere ana, ka tāwhai ngā pūnaha whakakaha hou i te whenua motuhake ki te 40% tere ake i mua.

Ngā Pūnaha Whakakaha i te Whenua me te Whakahaere Ira Kaha mō ngā Kaiputa Kora

Ko te hau parakore e āhua whakapōpō ana i ngā raru nui ina āki ai i ngā manu tāwhio. Kei te māmātia e ngā waka inu kapi ārai hau parakore i ēnei rā, ā, kei te whakamahia haukoti ā-hiko hoki. I ēnei tau e 2023, ko ngā whakamātau a te ahumoni i whakaatu ai ko ngā kōhiti hāngai hiko me ngā tāpene hono hōu e 99.8% o te hau parakore e whakakaha ai. Ko ngā tauira hōu ka arotake i te whakapāinga hiko i te wā tonu hei whakapūmau i te hononga hiko kua pakaru i waenganui i te waka, te pātītī inu me te manu anō hoki. Ko te nuinga o ngā aitua ahi i te tata ki te rima kia tahi o ngā wā kua pā ki te kore o te ārai hau parakore.

Ko te whakakotahi i ēnei hangarau e whai ana ki ngā whakapai haumaru whānuitanga o te tauā, kua whakaratohia hoki i ngā whakapai ake mō te whakahaere i ngā taro whai raru, e toa ana hoki te whakamahi i ngā tauira tūponotanga mō ngā whakangāhau mara.

Te Aianei o te Whakauru Kaha: Ngā Rōbo me ngā Pūnaha Whakakapi Inu Ake

Ngā Kairāwekanga Tuatahi mō ngā Rōbo Whakakapi Inu ki ngā Taumata Pakanga me ngā FARP

Kua timata te ope taua ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tāpoi anō hui atu ki ngā tāone o runga rawa e noho ana ngā ope taua e whakakī ana i ngā rererangi i ngā tikanga whawhai. E ai ki ngā whakaputanga hou e 2025 ana i tētahi pukapuka e mōhiotia ana ko Frontiers in Built Environment, kua oti ngā waka tāpoi anō mō te whakakī i ngā whakaaturanga rererangi e whai ana i ngā karu whakamātai e āki ai i ngā ringaringa rorohiko kua oti i te wā roa i mua i te takitahi e mahi ana i ngā āhuatanga whakamātai. He aha te mea motuhake o ēnei punaha hou? Kei a rātou ngā tātai e mōhiotia ana i ngā panoni totohu me ngā āhuatanga whakauru e aki ai i te rorohiko e āwhina ai i te kora e rere i te wā e whakakī ana i ngā rererangi ina kua whakarewa kē ngā mōhinu.

Ngā Uaratanga ki te Whakauru i ngā Kapa Whakakī Anō

Ahakoa te whakapai ake o te whakatinanatanga, kua whakaatu ngā whakamātai ā-papa e toru ngā here e totohu ana:

• Ngā mōrearea o te wehe tāngata ki ngā wāhi ririhau, kua whakakahaia e ngā punaha whakakaha 360°
• Ngā here o te nekeneke o ngā waka whakakī 20 tanuma ki ngā takotoranga FARP kua whakarerehua
• Whakawhitinga EM mai i ngā pūnaha karu hōihoi e whakakaha ana i te aki kaha

Tuhinga o te whakamahinga: Te whakauru a te Army Robotics o Amerika

I te wā o ngā whakamātau i te 2023 nā te U.S. Army ngā kaiwhakahaere inu, i kitea he whakapai ake i te tere e huri ana i ngā hōihoi ki ngā wāhi arming me te whakakī i ngā wāhi taone. I ngā ripoata a te marae i whakaatu i ēnei mātāpuna e whakauru ana i te tere o te wai 1,200 mita tāone ia meneti, he mea whakamāorihia ina mātātohia kua whakauru katoa ngā kaimahi ki te 15 mita tāmita mai i ngā wāhi e pakaru ai te ahi. Ko tēnei momo mahi e taurite ana ki te kaupapa a te Helicopter Expedited Refueling Operations (HERO) i tana whāinga kia whakakīa ngā waka AH-64 Apache i roto i te iti ake i te waru meneti. He mea tika tēnei, ina mātātohia te tere e hiahiatia ana i ngā wa e pakanga ana kei reira te wā he taonga nui.

Pātai Whai Ake (FAQ)

He aha te tikanga o te hot refueling?

Ko te whakakaha pāpaku he tikanga nona ngā inihana whirikōpaku hōihoi e whakahaere tonu ana i te wā e whakakaha ai, ka wehea te wā e hiahiatia ana kia moe me te whakarewa anō.

Me pēhea e aki ai ngā waka whakakaha hou ngā rere o te wai?

Kei te whakamahi ngā waka whakakaha hou i ngā tātātātā motuhake me ngā pūnaha whakahaere totohu pāpaku kia aki ai i ngā rere i te wā e neke haere ana i te tere.

He aha i pono ai ngā Tūāpapa Whakakaha me te Whakakaha (FARPs)?

Ko ngā FARPs e iti iho ana i te wā e huri ana o ngā whirikōpaku hōihoi kia taea ai te kawe wai me te pāpaku e rua i te wā kotahi, he mea nui tēnei i ngā wā pakanga.